By introducing a new national currency in November 1993, the Republic of Kazakstan took a decisive step towards establishing its political and economic independence. In the following years, Kazakstan made great efforts to lay the institutional foundation for econonmic policy in line with a free...

and Summary -- I. A re-examination of the state of growth and stabilization theories -- 1. Second Thoughts on Growth Theory -- 2. The State of Macroeconomics -- 3. The Rich Country-Poor Country Problem: From the Eighteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries -- II. Innovations in financial markets and...

The paper explores the readiness of the Turkish banking sector for integration into the European Union. We address the issue from four different angles. First, we review the present structure and health of the sector, including the state of the regulatory framework, providing where possible a...

This paper examines capital controls in two ways. First, it assesses whether capital controls have an economic justification within the context of an economyâÂÂs and, in particular, its financial sectorâÂÂs stage of development. It concludes that capital controls can be justified in...

This manifesto challenges a pernicious orthodoxy that has gripped Europe's policy makers. It is that demand- and supply-side policies must have different aims, that a limited number of supply-side policies are to be devoted to fighting unemployment, and that demand management (and particularly...

The paper raises two questions about the industrial economics of banking : first, why are financial market configurations so different across nations ? We discuss the theoretical arguments by following the sequence Regulation-Structure-Performance (section 2). Second, do the differences in...