In Romania, as in many Central and Eastern Europe countries, during the communist regime all the banks were owned by the state and their activities were circumscribed by rigid norms. After the communist regime had fallen, the state owned banks had to adapt to a competitive environment. The...

Öffentlich-rechtliche Banken galten über Jahrzehnte als Stützpfeiler des deutschen Kapitalismusmodells und waren tief in die politische Ökonomie der Bundesrepublik eingebettet. Dies änderte sich, als die Europäische Kommission im Jahr 2001 das europäische Wettbewerbsrecht gegenüber der...