Renewable energy sources can be a good substitute of the fossil fuels which are being terminated fast. Nowadays biomass and biofuels are considered because of their environment friendly characteristics and their ability of supplying much more energy. An alternative means to select the most...

The environmental and economical merits of converting solar energy into electricity via photovoltaic cells have caused an ever increasing interest among developed and developing countries to allocate more budget on photovoltaic systems in order to boost up their efficiency in recent years....

One of the most important factors that can persuade human to use the renewable energy systems versus the conventional energy systems are the technical characteristics that include the reliability, maintenance requirements, availability, sustainability and environmental impacts. Technical...

Presently, solar energy conversion is widely used to generate heat and produce electricity. A comparative study on the world energy consumption released by International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that in 2050, solar array installations will supply around 45% of energy demand in the world. It was...

The demand of increasing price in fossil fuel has prompted the global oil industry to look at the alternative sources of fuel from renewable energy source which is biodiesel. Biodiesel is considered as better option because of its environmental friendly characteristics while giving almost the...

Energy is a vital input for social and economic development of any nation. Currently the industrial sector is consuming about 37% of the world's total delivered energy use for diverse activities in manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction. It was reported that global industrial...

An industrial sector uses more energy than any other end-use sectors and currently this sector is consuming about 37% of the world's total delivered energy. Energy is consumed in the industrial sector by a diverse group of industries including manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction...

Currently, fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas represent the prime energy sources in the world. However, it is anticipated that these sources of energy will deplete within the next 40-50 years. Moreover, the expected environmental damages such as the global warming, acid rain and...

Energy poverty and lack of electricity in rural areas exacerbate the poverty of the developing countries. In Malaysia, 3.8% of the population lives below the poverty line and most of them are settled in rural areas. The electricity coverage in poor states is about 79% in comparison with 99.62%...

A significant amount of energy is consumed to maintain thermal comfort in buildings, a huge portion of which is lost through windows. Smart coating, thin films with spectrally selective properties on the surface of glass, is the innovative solution to the problem. Thermochromic smart windows...