We consider environmental regulation in a context where firms invest in abatement technology under conditions of uncertainty about subsequent abatement cost, but can subsequently adjust output in the light of true marginal abatement cost. Where an emission tax is the only available instrument,...

Cost-benefit analyses and other quantitative appraisals are used in many countries to support decision-making in different areas of public policy, including many investment projects in sectors such as transport and energy. These decisions can have significant effects – either negative or...

In 1999 the EU abolished duty-free on intra-EU travel. Other European countries and many countries outside Europe still retain duty-free shopping for international travellers, as does the EU in relation to external travel. This paper looks at national policy interests in the retention, or...