Set-valued optimisation is an important topic and has wide applications in engineering and game theory. An interesting topic in set-valued optimisation is the appropriate introduction of a derivative concept for set-valued mappings. In this paper, Dini directional derivatives are introduced and...

This paper develops a dynamic theoretical model for a polluting industry to determine the emission dynamics, internalizing damage cost function along with production cost function, considering emission factor. It turns out that the competitive output price is composed of not only marginal...

We analyze the classical inventory model with backordering, where the inventory position is controlled by an order level, order quantity policy. The cost for a backorder contains a fixed and a time-proportional component. Demand can be driven by any discrete process. Order lead times may be...

We analyze the classical inventory model with backordering, where the inventory position is controlled by an order level, order quantity policy. The cost for a backorder contains a fixed and a time-proportional component. Demand can be driven by any discrete process. Order lead times may be...

Sustainable plant factory systems are able to provide steady and high-quality plants to markets while using less labor, water, nutrition, and pesticides. A plant factory is a controlled environment for plant production systems with artificial light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, water...

In the classical newsvendor model, when demand is represented by the normal distribution singly truncated at point zero, the standard optimality condition does not hold. Particularly, we show that the probability not to have stock-out during the period is always greater than the critical...