This study investigates whether village funds, village-owned enterprises (henceforth, BUMDes), and village original income in Indonesia (PADes) enhance rural development. We employ three empirical methodologies to analyze data collected from 361 districts across Indonesia. These methods...

1. Introduction / Tewodaj Mogues and Samuel Benin -- 2. Public spending for agriculture in Africa : definition, measures, and trends / Shenggen Fan and Anuja Saurkar -- 3. Agricultural growth and poverty reduction impacts of public investments : concepts and techniques for undertaking...

1. Agricultural development in China and Africa : an overview -- 2. Agricultural development in China and Africa in historical perspective -- 3. Comparison of strategies and policies for the development of agriculture in China and Africa -- 4. Comparison of agricultural production conditions in...

1. Introduction -- 2. Literature review : The limits to growth and regional development -- 3. Research framework -- 4. Social and emotional development through art -- 5. Creating ecological businesses -- 6. Regional community as business platform -- 7. Sustainable development via community...