Ishimatsu, Hirokazu; Sugasawa, Yoshio; Sakurai, Keizo - In: Pacific Economic Review 9 (2004) 4, pp. 371-376
This paper describes innovation from the viewpoint of biologic evolution, a complex adaptive system. First, three characteristics of complex adaptive systems - variation, interaction and selection - are explained. Second, we propose that variation in R&D activities is brought about by innovation...