Russia's new Ratings Agency (ACRA) replaces the major international agencies (Moody's, S&P, Fitch) for the purposes of assessing credit quality and assigning credit ratings to domestic borrowers in Russia. This discussion paper contextualizes this development as part of the broader trend in...

Many identify inflated credit ratings as one contributor to the recent financial market turmoil. We develop an equilibrium model of the market for ratings and use it to examine possible origins of and cures for ratings inflation. In the model, asset issuers can shop for ratings -- observe...

Credit ratings have contributed to the current financial crisis. Proposals to regulate credit rating agencies focus on micro-prudential issues and aim at reducing conflicts of interest and increasing transparency and competition. In contrast, this paper argues that macro-prudential regulation is...

This short note explores the formal introduction of the leading credit rating agencies into the field of sustainable finance and all that comes with that moniker. In 2016, the leading agencies announced their plans to incorporate ‘Environmental, Social, and Governance' concerns into their...

Credit rating agencies have been a core concern in the reform of the global and European financial architecture prompted by the financial crisis. The European Regulation on Credit Rating Agencies (CRA Regulation) entered into force at the end of 2009. Activities of credit rating agencies and the...

This article uses insights from the disciplines of industrial organization and of finance – and the understanding that has developed within both disciplines with respect to regulation – for an analysis of the credit rating industry

This article uses insights from the disciplines of industrial organization and of finance – and the understanding that has developed within both disciplines with respect to regulation – for an analysis of the credit rating industry

This article examines the reforms introduced in the US and the EU to limit the power of credit rating agencies and address their organisational and structural problems that were exposed by the global financial crisis. It discusses the relevant provisions of the US Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform...