. Shareholders vote by unilateral proxies, which prevent them from “mixing and matching” among nominees from either side. The … outcomes, which disenfranchise shareholders. By removing these distortions, universal proxies would improve corporate suffrage …

between corporate management and shareholders illustrate, voting has never been more important. Yet, traditional theory about … fundamental changes as to who shareholders are and their incentives to vote (or not vote). In the first section of the article, we …, regularly using the ballot box to pressure targeted firms to create shareholder value, thereby giving institutional shareholders …

Shareholders in public co ... …

-friendly) retail shareholders. Our study focuses on an observable managerial choice of how to deliver proxy materials to maximize … retail turnout. Management can opt to send a full set of proxy materials to all shareholders, which increases retail turnout … but also increases printing and mailing costs, or they can send a notice directing shareholders to proxy materials …