Innovation and industrial evolution -- History-friendly models: methods and fundamentals -- The US computer industry and the dynamics of concentration -- Vertical integration and dis-integration in the computer industry -- The pharmaceutical industry and the role of demand -- Reprise and conclusions

This paper shows how idiosyncratic resources can be the basis of sustained profitability and persistent heterogeneity under competitive conditions: Generic inputs purchased in the market become idiosyncratic resources by investments in customization. Analytically, we show how heterogeneous firms...