Several streams of recent literature emphasize the advantages of involving external sources of innovation in the … networked innovation strategy?' Building on empirical evidence gathered over a ten-year period at a major European automotive … external sources of innovation in developing complex products. The empirical evidence highlights two aspects that are important …

, organizational innovation competency, and technological innovation competency on the competitiveness of the design outsourcing …Recently many enterprises have been in need of design outsourcing services through which they can form creative ideas … and innovations. In this respect, the innovation competency of design consulting firms is unprecedentedly regarded as a …