Markets for renewable energy technologies have globalized rapidly over the past decade. At the same time, a series of bilateral and multilateral trade disputes have emerged in solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind technologies. The emergence of these disputes is puzzling. Renewable industries are...

Governments are investing billions of dollars in low-carbon energy technologies in order to address climate change. Recently governments have also adopted protectionist measures in low-carbon energy technology sectors. In the solar photovoltaic industry, governments in both Europe and the United...