Traditional economic analysis has proposed well known remedies to deal with consumption externalities and inefficient … of R&D and consumption externalities is central to health care industries around the world generally, and for the … altruism seems to motivate many public subsidies such as Medicaid in the US. We stress that standard remedies to the two …

asymptomatic infection. Two different types of externalities from contacts are considered, infection externalities and … socioeconomic externalities. When contacts are incidental, then externalities work through disease propagation. When contacts are … essential, both infection and socioeconomic externalities are present. It is shown that for incidental contacts, equilibrium …