We have to consider that natural laws dictate all aspects of our life. These are the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. It is therefore necessary to look into details of this fact in order to avoid making mistakes redarding the future life of mankind. To violate these laws could have...

The determination of leading indicators of stock market returns is of interest to both practitioners and academics. This paper analyses the validity of the recent macroeconomic factors indicated in the literature as providing a reliable indication of Australian stock market returns and concludes...

This paper uses a systems-based analysis across 137 countries over the period 2002~2017 to identify if there are macroeconomic characteristics that discern low, middle- and high-income countries and countries ranked by GDP per capita quartiles. The analysis identifies defining characteristics...

The main laws of thermodynamics are explained with respect to economics. Expressions like entropy, exergy, anergy, inner energy and free energy are defined qualitatively as well as quantitatively for the economy. The first and the second law are quantitatively deductes for their application on...

A substantial number of studies have extended the work on universal properties in physical systems to complex networks in social, biological, and technological systems. In this paper, we present a complex networks perspective on interfirm organizational networks by mapping, analyzing and...

The 2011 Human Development Report argues that the urgent global challenges of sustainability and equity must be addressed together – and identifies policies on the national and global level that could spur mutually reinforcing progress towards these interlinked goals. Bold action is needed on...

On the basis of the First and second Law of Thermodynamics in the Economy and the Gibbs-Equation of Thermodynamics, Economic Equations are developed of the Inner Energy, the Entropy and the Free Energy (Value Added) of multiple economic systems to calculate the risks of investing in a merger and...

Financial stability and instability of countries’ economies are of significant interest to economists and politicians as this affects economic growth and the general wellbeing of the population. But determining on a reliable basis the factors that might indicate imminent financial instability...

Article 13 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, known as the "Peace Clause," precludes most WTO dispute settlement challenges against a country that is complying with the Agreement's liberalization commitments - until 1 January 2004, when the Peace Clause will expire. This article evaluates the...

The new century opened with an unprecedented declaration of solidarity and determination to rid the world of poverty. In 2000 the UN Millennium Declaration, adopted at the largest-ever gathering of heads of state, committed countries — rich and poor — to doing all they can to eradicate...