Regional integration has been seen in Africa as a means of encouraging trade and securing economies of scale. This paper examines in detail the prospects and challenges for trade expansion in the two most prominent arrangements in eastern and southern Africa: the Common Market for Eastern and...

Incorporating intermediate inputs into a small-union general-equilibrium model, this paper first develops the welfare economics of preferential trading under the rules of origin (ROO) and then demonstrates that the ROO could improve the political viability of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Two...

South Africa showed strong macroeconomic performance owing to its sound policies, which aimed at raising economic growth and reducing poverty, within a stable macroeconomic, social, and political environment. Executive Directors commended the strong economic performance, sustainable fiscal...

The paper analyzes how various preferential trading arrangements deal with agriculture liberalization and examines a few case studies highlighting the provisions on agriculture. It assesses the effect of preferential trade agreements on agriculture trade flows in the case of ASEAN. It finds that...

In this paper we extend recent work using the Gravity Model to estimate the trade and price effects of Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTAs), by explicitly taking into account the extent of the preferential access being provided by the importer. This involves specifying a trade model,...

The paper mainly studies trade complementarity between China and three Baltic States, namely Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The paper first introduces China and the three Baltic States' current trade situation. It then makes an empirical analysis on the trade complementarity between China and...

With the trade normalization process between India and Pakistan gathering momentum since November 2011, new opportunities for enhancing bilateral trade have opened between the two countries. This study estimates the trade potential between India and Pakistan, and examines how this potential can...

With the ongoing trade normalisation process between India and Pakistan, opportunities to integrate have opened up between both countries. The pharmaceutical sector is crucial to health issues in developing economies and would be an ideal segment to focus on in improving trade relations between...

With the ongoing trade normalisation process between India and Pakistan, opportunities to integrate have opened up between both countries. The pharmaceutical sector is crucial to health issues in developing economies and would be an ideal segment to focus on in improving trade relations between...

With the trade normalization process between India and Pakistan gathering momentum since November 2011, new opportunities for enhancing bilateral trade have opened between the two countries. This study estimates the trade potential between India and Pakistan, and examines how this potential can...