Universal banks can have control over borrowers by holding equity stakes in the borrower firm. Banks’ corporate control is likely to increase the likelihood of providing a future loan as they mitigate information asymmetry and agency costs of debt. Using panel data on Portuguese companies, we...

In this study, an assessment of the impact of Basel II capital requirement rules driven by credit risk of non-financial firms is performed. Intervals of variation for the risk drivers are established such that capital requirements for firms' credit risk under Basel II exceed capital requirements...

In this paper we study the implications of the absence of statistical arbitrage opportunities (SAO) in a two-period incomplete market economy where default is allowed but there are collateral requirements. We study the existence of state price deflators and the existence of a solution for the...