This study investigates the strategic effect of return policies in a dual-channel supply chain, in which a manufacturer can sell products directly to end customers and indirectly via an independent retailer. The manufacturer decides whether to implement a return policy in either the direct or...

On-line portfolio selection is an important and challenging question in computational finance and attracts increasing attention in the machine learning and data mining fields. Previously an on-line portfolio selection strategy called On-Line Moving Average Reversion (OLMAR) (Li et al., 2012)...

Portfolio selection has attracted increasing attention in machine learning and AI communities recently. Portfolio selection using on-line learning method has been extensively investigated previously. Literature about portfolio selection using recurrent reinforcement learning (RRL) is relatively...

The health care delivery system in China, which is dominated by state hospitals, is being increasingly challenged by public concerns: it is too expensive and too inaccessible, a complaint commonly phrased as "kai bin nan, kan bin gui" in Chinese. As the penetration of for-profit hospitals has...