This paper analyzes a context where sustained violence happens in non-war zones. Specifically, this paper considers … on conflict and violence by concluding that violence in non-war zones has important implications for labor market …

Women around the world are facing unprecedented levels of targeted political violence. This is also true in West Africa … and contentious crises. The result though is consistent: such targeted violence has worrying implications for women …’s political participation as well as their involvement in the public sphere. Political violence targeting women (PVTW) in West …

How does violence affect social capital? I argue that its impact depends on two factors: i) the ability to identify the … perpetrating group, and ii) the intensity of the violence. These factors help to reconcile the seemingly contradictory effects of … violence on social capital presented in the literature. I study this question in the context of Colombia by exploiting changes …

Wartime sexual violence is widespread across conflict zones and thought to leave a disastrous legacy for survivors … sexual violence are fraught with severe data limitations. Based on individual-level survey evidence from three conflict … violence. Second, we estimate the effect of sexual violence on key outcomes of social and political development: civic …

emergence and severity of actual violence through the effect on food availability, captured by rice crops per capita. The link … planting season’, i.e. December, determines an increase in violence fueled by the reduction in future rice production per …

hooligans reap utility from violence and social identity and study the effects of different police strategies. We find that an … increase in discriminative policing, provided by intelligence units, for example, always reduces violence. Under the right … circumstances, it may also lead to larger supporter clubs and a significant drop in violence. Indiscriminate policing, such as the …

We investigate the empirical impact of violence as compared to other trade impediments on trade flows. Our analysis is …

This paper examines the role of ethnic-based gender norms in explaining the occurrence and intensity of sexual violence … in 33 ethnic civil conflicts in Africa between 1989 and 2009 and their use of sexual violence. After exploiting ancestral … actors are more likely to be perpetrators of sexual violence. Second, we consider the perpetrator's gender norms relative to …