The Kyrgyz Republic has stabilized with the formation of a new coalition, but political uncertainty remains. Despite a slump in gold production and delays in donor financing, monetary and fiscal policies remained prudent. Improving the business climate, good governance, and strong institutions...

The fiscal policy may target the achievement of certain different purposes, either of economic or social nature, of the public infrastructure. Fiscal policy is integrant part of the general economic actions of the state, interfering powerful with the sector, budgetary, monetary, social policies,...

The United States’ federal government subsidizes local public finance through grants. Given projected U.S. deficits, this may prove untenable. Further, a broader range of policy instruments may offer more effective support of local governments. Herein four policies are considered beginning...

This paper presents some challenges encountered by non-neoclassical economists in explaining that money is not a commodity, that it is not backed by gold, and that it is not scarce. We discuss the role of commercial banks in creating money by simply granting loans. We then explain that, in a...