Competitiveness of the world nations is due to the trade liaisons between these nations and proves how the economies manage the present, in the crisis conditions, but merely, their future. The entire world is now under the globalization features and the international trade is the main vector of...

We develop an open economy general equilibrium model, with auction-based directed search unemployment, to study the interactions of trade and unemployment. The theory ascribes all outcomes purely to the fundamentals of technology and endowment. If countries differ by endowment, trade makes both...

Sustained growth of international trade since World War II has coincided with an array of trade agreements and gradual reduction of tariffs. How much declining tariffs boosted commerce and the impact of liberalized trade rules on a country's standard of living have been a central focus of...

States with relatively more employment tied to international trade are increasingly likely to be sensitive to exchange rate movements, and face sharply different effective exchange rate shifts, often provoked by economic or financial crises. ; Analysts need a tool to more effectively gauge the...

This study covers the history of Sino-US trade relations with a particular focus on the past decade, during which time each has been a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Providing a brief history of 19th and 20th century economic relations, this paper examines in detail the trade...

Integration into the world economy, specialization in low-technology sectors and labour market rigidity have been singled out as structural features of the Portuguese economy that are crucial for the understanding of its performance. In this paper, we explore empirically the role of openness,...

We show that the composition of imports has important implications for the optimal volatility of the exchange rate. Using input-output data for 25 countries we document substantial differences in the import and non-tradable content of final demand components, and in the role played by imported...

This paper presents a survey of theoretical models of heterogeneity, growth and competitiveness. We compare two main theoretical traditions, evolutionary economics and mainstream heterogeneity models, in order to investigate whether the incorporation of heterogeneous agents has made the recent...

This paper incorporates international trade into the four-firm concentration ratio to get a more realistic measure of market structure in the US manufacturing sector using 1997 and 2002 NAICS data. As expected, trade-adjusted CR4 is significantly lower than the published CR4. Moreover, the...

Storper M. From retro to avant-garde: a commentary on Paul Krugman's 'The New Economic Geography, Now Middle-aged', Regional Studies. This paper takes issue with Paul Krugman's claim that the New Economic Geography should be considered 'now middle-aged'. The New Economic Geography can be updated...