Office-based businesses located in central business districts (CBD), which are a foundation of urban production, are subject to agglomeration economies. Thus, the promotion of office concentration in CBD's will result in higher productivity. At the same time, however, the concentration of office...

This paper discusses how an electric transmission company in a pass-through area should settle the cost of a pass-through with the neighboring transmission companies under the point-of-connection tariff system. First, the paper shows that if the cost of the pass-through is settled based on the...

In this paper we analyze the effect of the increase in productivity of office operations in urban centers brought about by the enhancement of social capital. This analysis shows that after considering the benefits of agglomeration, the marginal increase in productivity caused by social capital...

The boarding of a congested train by one passenger has the external diseconomy effect of increasing the fatigue of other passengers. In this paper we employ a method in which the conversion of this external diseconomy effect into monetary terms is not dependent on specifying the utility...

A drastic reform of the power system is about to take place in Japan. The most significant improvement to be introduced is the "market mechanism in the real-time power adjustment of supply and demand," which consists of a bidding system of power adjustment and an imbalance settlement system....

Conservation payments lead to improvement in environmental quality only if farmers and ranchers who receive them adopt conservation practices that would not have been adopted without the payment. When a voluntary payment causes a change in practice(s) that lead(s) to improved environmental...

This paper discusses factors that relate to the age of valid standards. Unlike patents and copyrights, standards are created without a fixed effective time set by law. A linked dataset is first prepared by connecting the technology categories of the Japanese Industrial Standards—the de jure...

This study investigates the effect of a negative demand shock on the composition of the type of workers at firms, focusing on the change in the share of temporary agency in all workers. To clearly identify the causal link between the demand a firm faces and the composition of its workforce in...

The concept of "exorbitant privilege" has received great attention from policy makers as well as academics worldwide. The idea originally referred to the willingness of foreigners to hold large quantities of US government debt at extremely low interest rates, due to the dollar's world reserve...

Bloom and Van Reenen (2007) show that differences in management practices are correlated with productivity differences at the firm level. In this paper, we conducted similar interview surveys on management practices in Japanese and Korean firms in 2008 and 2012. We find that overall management...