Supply chain internationalization is promoting a new cascade of agglomeration and dispersion. Headquarter tasks agglomerate in major cities in developed countries, while labor intensive tasks are shed to developing countries where offshored tasks form into a geographical concentration. As a...

The electric bicycle industry emerged in China in the late 1990s, and it is now a huge market which exceeds that of conventional bicycles, though such product has never existed in developed countries. This type of technological development, which diverts from the path of developed countries, is...

The number of forward patent citations has been established as an indicator for the economic value of patents. There remain unresolved questions such as the difference between examiner citations and inventor citations as value indicators and whether and how local clustering coefficients of added...