their creditworthiness and compare different types of subsidies with indirect subsidization through public banks. We find … that, in a large parameter range, the politician prefers public banks to direct subsidies because they avoid windfall gains … subsidies. One important prerequisite for this result is that public banks must not be allowed to fully compete with private …

their creditworthiness and compare different types of subsidies with indirect subsidization through public banks. We find … that, in a large parameter range, the politician prefers public banks to direct subsidies because they avoid windfall gains …-tive to subsidies. One important prerequisite for this result is that public banks must not be allowed to fully compete with …

We investigate whether government subsidies to local input manufacturers encourage procurement from foreign firms. We …

countries. These costs are heavily influenced by economic policy through entry regulation and subsidies. In this paper we … another, strategic motive for entry subsidies as the tightening of market selection leads to a competitive advantage for … domestic producers in international trade. Our analysis shows that entry subsidies in the Nash-equilibrium are first increasing …

the government incentive to impact on entry costs, and how entry subsidies can be used strategically in open economies. We … the monopoly pricing distortion. In the autarky equilibrium these subsidies trigger entry, but they eventually do not lead … to more but to better firms in the market. In the open economy there is another, strategic motive for entry subsidies as …

Definitions of subsides used in the biannual subsidy- report on the federal level and other definitions of subsidies … propose a new definition of direct subsidies, which is less arbitrary than those currently used. This new definition also …

study uses a standardized framework to evaluate tax subsidies that add up to a total of roughly €7.4 billion. The evaluation …

for Applied Information Technology (FIT), the study uses a standardized framework to evaluate tax subsidies that add up to …

), the study uses a standardized framework to evaluate tax subsidies that add up to a total of roughly €7.4 billion. …