-tech sectors. Therefore, the effect of subsidies on both R&D input and R&D output is compared between independent high-tech young … highest for independent high-tech firms. The indirect effect of subsidies on R&D output is evaluated within a patent …

Definitions of subsides used in the biannual subsidy- report on the federal level and other definitions of subsidies … propose a new definition of direct subsidies, which is less arbitrary than those currently used. This new definition also …

-tech sectors. Therefore, the effect of subsidies on both R&D input and R&D output is compared between independent high-tech young … highest for independent high-tech firms. The indirect effect of subsidies on R&D output is evaluated within a patent …

their creditworthiness and compare different types of subsidies with indirect subsidization through public banks. We find … that, in a large parameter range, the politician prefers public banks to direct subsidies because they avoid windfall gains … subsidies. One important prerequisite for this result is that public banks must not be allowed to fully compete with private …

German hospitals receive subsidies for investment costs by federal states. Theoretically, these subsidies have to cover … higher levels of subsidies compared to for-profit hospitals. In this study, I examine the sources of this disparity by … decomposing the differential in a so-called facilitation ratio, i.e. the ratio of subsidies to tangible fixed assets, revealing to …

The effects of public subsidies in supporting private innovative activity is subject to longstanding political and … allocating subsidies are compared to a benchmark treatment without subsidies to identify their effects in fostering … innovativeness. Furthermore, subjects cooperative behavior in relation to subsidies is investigated. Overall, subsidies lead to a …

competitive. We implement an approach that allows for the joint estimation of direct and indirect effects of subsidies on … subsidized and non-subsidized firms. We find that firms that receive subsidies experience a boost for productivity. However, our … where other firms are subsidized. These negative externalities depend on the share of firms that receive subsidies in the …