A principled and well-functioning regime of judicial review is a fundamental part of the European Union's commitment to the rule of law, and of particular relevance in the field of EU competition law: The EU Commission has become one of the most powerful competition authorities worldwide,...

Though the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary securities enforcer, multiple enforcers are active in enforcing the securities laws. Some scholars argue that enforcement should be centralized to eliminate or control enforcers with incentives to overenforce, while others...

The article analyzes the method of assessing restrictive agreements from the perspective of an effects-based approach in the decisional practice of the Polish antitrust authority. The article discusses a number of signs of the use of this approach to agreements assessed on the basis of the...

Competition law is very important in the union of European countries - this is because there is no better way to maintain healthy and homogeneous economic interests within the European common market if there is no laws or regulations in place to check the destructive monsters of monopoly or...

In discussions of the regionalization of competition law, the political dimension often leads a shadowy existence. Regionalization tends to be presented with a hint of a halo around it. States are presented as acting for a shared policy objective intended to benefit all, and political issues...

This paper examines the interaction between intellectual property protection and competition policy on the choice of entrepreneurs with respect to commercialization as well as the rate of innovation. We find that stronger intellectual property protection makes it more likely that entrepreneurs...

The rule of reason is the standard for testing whether a restraint of trade violates the Sherman Act. The thesis of this article is that the only issue under the rule of reason is the impact of a restraint on the competitive process; the Sherman Act does not employ a welfare standard. This...