Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are increasingly used to evaluate carbon policy impacts on energy structure, but different models can yield considerably different results. This paper seeks to frame model results for policymakers and other consumers of model outputs. In this analysis we...

Projecting the costs of reducing carbon emissions is extremely important, and exceedingly difficult. Such projections are an integral component of cost-benefit analyses of alternative policies in response to climate change. This paper first discusses the key dimensions of any projection of the...

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction -- ch. 2 Background -- A.The Development of the Report -- 1).Overview -- 2).Approach -- 3).NCA guidance -- 4).Assessment findings -- B.The Scope of the Report -- C.Emerging Trends and Contexts for Climate Change Implications for Energy Systems...