This paper examines the German IPO pricing process which combines bookbuilding with a liquid pre-IPO when-issued market. We find no partial adjustment phenomenon, as has been documented for U.S. IPOs. We thus find no evidence that bookbuilding provides information for IPO pricing, beyond the...

We develop a model that allows for the coexistence of bookbuilding and when-issued trading. We show that, due to interactions between these two processes, allowing for when-issued trading is for the most part beneficial for issuers. When-issued trading may interfere with information gathering...

We analyze global data about electricity generation and document that the risk exposure of a firm's owners and its workers depends on competitors' ability or willingness to change their output in response to productivity shocks. Competitor inflexibility appears to be a risk factor: the sales of...

We analyze the relation between firms' exposure to exogenous business risk and their financing choices, based on a sample of firms for which we can measure such exposure. The results show that firms more exposed to exogenous risk use less debt financing. We also analyze the relation between the...

We analyze the relation between firms' exposure to exogenous business risk and their financing choices, based on a sample of firms for which we can measure such exposure. The results show that firms more exposed to exogenous risk use less debt financing. We also analyze the relation between the...

How does small-firm employment respond to exogenous labor productivity risk? We find that this depends on the capitalization of firms' local banks. The evidence comes from firms offering (quasi-) fixed employment to workers whose productivity depends on the weather. Weather risk reduces this...

How does small-firm employment respond to exogenous labor productivity risk? We find that this depends on the capitalization of firms' local banks. The evidence comes from firms offering (quasi-) fixed employment to workers whose productivity depends on the weather. Weather risk reduces this...

How does small-firm employment respond to exogenous labor productivity risk? We find that this depends on the capitalization of firms' local banks. The evidence comes from firms offering (quasi-) fixed employment to workers whose productivity depends on the weather. Weather risk reduces this...

How does small-firm employment respond to exogenous labor productivity risk? We find that this depends on the capitalization of firms' local banks. The evidence comes from firms employing workers whose productivity depends on the weather. Weatherinduced labor productivity risk reduces this...

This paper derives conditions under which the well-known decomposition of unconditional expected utility into marginal probabilities and conditional expected utility generalizes to Cumulative Prospect Theory, as well as updating rules for probability weighting functions. The results are, for...