We examine the extent and effect of an interest rate-based industrial policy in Japan, France, Great Britain, and West Germany while using the United States as a control case. We argue that some governments have undertaken industrial policies that achieve a "below- competitive market" interest...

This paper estimates statistical cost. and revenue curves for a cross-section of banks in the years 1962-75. The primary data cover reported accounting or book rates of return. Approximations are also made to estimate economic or total returns. These approximations take into account changes in...