The study extends research on the geographic scope, product diversification and performance relationship by exploring both the antecedents and consequences of geographic scope (multinationality). In so doing, it addresses a fundamental criticism of the geographic scope-performance relationship;...

We compare the effects of transactional, institutional and experience influences on the ownership strategies of Japanese investors. Our theoretical development suggests that the equity position of a foreign investor should increase as the specificity of the assets transferred to the foreign...