Ayitey Stephens, Robert; Boddewyn, Jean J.; Ross … - In: International Journal of Commerce and Management 1 (1991) 1/2, pp. 4-25
Smuggling represents a significant proportion of world trade. However, its nature and rationale are not sufficiently understood in comparison with those of counterfeiting, parallel importing and contraband trade. The willing or unwilling involvement of MNCs in smuggling is also poorly perceived....