As the editors of this volume note in their introductory chapter, collaboration is inherent in any operating market economy, and collaboration is, of course, sought because of the advantages it yields relative to non-collaboration. At the most abstract level, “collaboration” simply means...

Nationality diversity and international experience constitute two related yet distinct sources of competence among upper echelons. While both TMT international experience and nationality diversity increases the likelihood of firms expanding outside their home region, our results show that TMTs...

In Europe, in particular, the number of foreigners appointed to top management teams has increased significantly over the past decade. However, the question of why some firms elect to employ foreign nationals on their top management teams remains unclear. This study utilizes a multi-level...

Collaborative capability has predominantly been conceptualized and analyzed from a firm-level perspective, paying inadequate attention to the individual level mechanisms that enable this ability to develop and flourish. Utilizing the dynamic capabilities perspective, we suggest that antecedents...

A number of literatures in management, innovation studies, economic geography, and so on point to 'collaborative advantages' that can arise at multiple levels. We discuss conceptual, theoretical and methodological difficulties with this and related notions. Many of these difficulties stem from...

The complex nature of international business research, with its cross-country and multi-level nature, complicates the empirical identification of relationships among theoretical constructs. The objective of this editorial is to provide guidance to help international business scholars navigate...