relationships between the nature of exports and imports and growth, as well as the relevance of FDI as a channel for these … relationships. We find that FDI is often positively correlated with higher productivity levels in exports and imports. The effect … fragmentation. In turn, both imported intermediates and exports that are associated with higher productivity levels are positively …

This study investigates the effects of exports on income per capita using a panel data set of 150 countries from 1990 … to 2012. We have found that exports have differing effects on income distribution depending on different phases of … economic development. As exports (measured as the percent of gross domestic product (GDP)) increase by a one percentage point …