Although theoretical discussion of Factor Price Equalization (FPE) theorem has been quite prolific in the international economics literature, empirical tests of the FPE theorem have been very limited and inadequately performed. In this paper, we use Johansen's multivariate cointegration testing...

This letter re-examines the role of commercial loans versus demand deposits in the monetary transmission mechanism using short-run and long-run sequential causality testing procedures designed by Toda and Phillips. Empirical results support the credit view that bank loans are as good a predictor...

A time series measure of expectations is used to demonstrate the existence of an inverse relationship between inflation and real stock prices, even after controlling for output shocks. This provides some evidence against Fama's famous conjecture (Fama, E., 1981, Stock returns, real activity,...

This paper attempts to reconcile the differences in previous studies of the tests of foreign exchange market efficiency. The results show that the market efficiency tests depend on the choice of model between the level and the percentage change specifications. Cointegration testing results and...