including future bias in addition to present bias. In particular, the experiment (1) runs a non-parametric test of time …) the result suggests that many subjects exhibiting future bias, indicating an inverse S-curve time discount function …

, structural estimations reveal that this is because agents exhibit present bias in own but not in others' consumption. We show … that very similar differences in present bias are observed in the absence of any interpersonal trade-offs, when agents … decide either for themselves or on behalf of another person. At the individual level, we find that present bias in own …