targeted subgroups of students have the lowest achievement and to implement reforms in these "Focus Schools." In this study, we …

between subgroups of students ("Focus" schools). We use administrative data from Michigan in a series of regression …-discontinuity analyses to study the effects of these reforms on schools and students. Overall, we find that neither reform had appreciable … were driven by stagnant performance of lower-achieving students alongside declines in the performance of their higher …