This paper compares two different types of carbon accounting methods – measuring all emissions resulting from domestic production (the dominant method on which international carbon reduction targets are based) versus measuring the carbon emissions embodied in goods in the country where they...

The Global Resource Accounting Model (GRAM) is an environmentally-extended multi-regional input--output model, covering 48 sectors in 53 countries and two regions. Next to CO₂ emissions, GRAM also includes different resource categories. Using GRAM, we are able to estimate the amount of carbon...