Abstract We develop a transport formula for predicting overall cumulative vaccine efficacy through time t ( $$VE(t)$$ ) to prevent clinically significant infection with a genetically diverse pathogen (e. g., HIV infection) in a new setting for which a Phase III preventive vaccine efficacy...

Abstract A common problem of interest within a randomized clinical trial is the evaluation of an inexpensive response endpoint as a valid surrogate endpoint for a clinical endpoint, where a chief purpose of a valid surrogate is to provide a way to make correct inferences on clinical treatment...

Purpose: Initiated by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) over half a century ago, fair trade has successfully evolved from a regional business discourse to a global social movement within international trade. In the matter of fair trade coffee, this global social movement has transformed the...