The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interpretation of dispersion effects in un-replicated fractional factorials from a robust design perspective. We propose an interpretation of dispersion effects as manifested interactions between control factors and unobserved and uncontrolled factors,...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the epistemological origin of Shewhart's and Deming's ideas in their development of a theory of quality. Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a literature review. Findings – Walter. A. Shewhart's and W. Edwards...