We study how upward communication - from workers to managers - about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of …-assessments can be detrimental to workers ́performance. In the controlled environment of a laboratory gift-exchange experiment, our …

We study how upward communication - from workers to managers - about individual efforts affects the effectiveness of …-assessments can be detrimental to workers' performance. In the controlled environment of a laboratory gift-exchange experiment, our …

cost-benefit ratio (CBR). There are indeed only two stable sets of equilibria enabling cooperation, one for low CBRs …-order discriminators which highlights the necessity for higher-order information to sustain cooperation through indirect reciprocity. In a … laboratory experiment, we find that more than 75% of subjects play strategies that belong to the predicted equilibrium set …

Intensive studies on indirect reciprocity have explored rational assessment rules for maintaining cooperation and … replicator equations using the expected payoffs of three strategies: unconditional cooperation, unconditional defection, and … stern-judging rule adoption. Our analysis shows that the use of the rule helps to maintain cooperation if reputation …

indirect reciprocity in the context of the evolution of cooperation, basic models of social dilemma situations, the path taken …