Since the economic crisis of 2008 were growth in health spending has reached unsustainable levels many countries have reduced public spending on health but it is now rising again in Italy (OECD, 2017). This study proposes a new way to use the official indicators for healthcare monitoring in...

The main aim of this paper is to study the phenomenon of the coexistence of firms with illegal characteristics and firms showing legal behaviour in developed economies by using an evolutionary competition model known as the Lotka-Volterra equations. Enterprises in a 'legal system' obey the...

A new way of looking at the problem of the underground economy is to consider the productive structure of a regular firm and that of an underground firm, completing the description of the microeconomic behaviour of the agents with the formalization of the behaviour of the state in the presence...