Access to a platform's services often requires consumers to use a complementary hardware product or service, e.g., Internet service is needed to access the YouTube platform. Typically, such access products are provided by third-party firms. More recently, however, some major platforms like...

Much has been written about most favoured nation clauses or agreements in the context of online platforms (also known as retail MFNs), and the challenges faced by competition authorities in assessing the potential anti-competitive nature of such agreements. The perceived absence of a clear legal...

This paper examines digital data-driven platforms and their impact on contemporary regulatory paradigms. While these phenomena are increasingly proclaimed as paradigm altering in many respects, they remain relatively little understood, including in their regulatory dimension. Lawmakers around...

Despite the growing popularity of investment-based crowdfunding, we know little about what platforms do before the campaign. This is one of the first studies to provide cross-platform evidence on investment-based crowdfunding. First, we describe the regulation and development over time of...

Since the enactment of the first safe harbours and liability exemptions for online intermediaries, market conditions have radically changed. Originally, intermediary liability exemptions were introduced to promote an emerging Internet market. Do safe harbours for online intermediaries still...

Just a decade ago, the Online Platform Economy comprised a handful of marketplaces connecting independent sellers to buyers of physical goods. Today, many consumers use online platforms to procure almost any kind of good or service. Have these innovations created new viable options for making a...

Digitale Plattformen sind auf vielen Märkten aktiv und spielen deshalb auch bei Innovationen eine entscheidende Rolle. Sie selbst bringen Innovationen hervor, können aber auch bei den Plattformnutzern und anderen Akteuren des Plattformökosystems Innovationen incentivieren. Plattformen...