The EU has notified the WTO of 21 bilateral trade agreements that are currently in force with nonmember countries (WTO, 2005). Under these agreements, the EU grants almost unlimited access to its industrial markets, but only limited preferential access to its agricultural markets for various...

Das Phänomen der Subsistenzlandwirtschaft hat in einigen mittel- und osteuropäischenLändern (MOEL) zum einen eine lange Tradition, zum anderen ist es durch die ökonomischeund soziale Transformation dieser Volkwirtschaften bedingt. Generell sinkt im Verlauf derökonomischen Entwicklung der...

As a pragmatic definition applied throughout this paper, an import surge is considered a situation in which the quantity or value of imports suddenly exceeds a "normal" level. This somewhat loose concept leaves questions as to how "suddenly", "normal" and "excess" should be defined precisely,...

A major drawback of constant elasticity supply and demand systems, which are widely used in simulation models for applied policy analysis, is that they can’t be restricted to globally comply with certain conditions implied by economic theory. This paper compares constant elasticity systems to...

Various simulation models uniformly project a decline of the cereal and silage maize area as well as ruminant production in the EU-15 in the course of decoupling of direct payments. In contrast, model results are heterogeneous with respect to the direction of the decoupling effect on oilseed and...

This paper presents an approach to depict subsistence production of milk in a partial equilibriumsector model and applies this approach to Poland, Bulgaria and Romania in the European SimulationModel (ESIM). The restriction on milk production implied by the EU milk quota in a situation...

In recent decades an increasing significance of food quality and safety standardsand agricultural health standards in international agricultural trade can beobserved. A subgroup of these standards is constituted by standards schemesrequired by private industry actors, like for example the...

Neben Mangelernährung augrund fehlender mene an Nährstoffen zählen qualitative Defizite in der menschlichen Ernährung zu den bedeutendsten Risiken für Krankheit und vorzeitigen Tod in Entwicklungsländern. Wichtige qualitative Risikofaktoren sind die Kontamination von Nahrungsmitteln mit...

The need for external capital (FDI) inflow to finance the current account deficit of developing countries cannot be over-emphasized. Foreign direct investment takes predominance over other types of capital inflow into developing countries. How would an increase in FDI and a reduction in import...

Les futurs coûts associés au respect des standards obligatoires de protection des animaux de l’Union européenne pour la volaille et lesoeufs sont importants et pourraient mener au transfert de la production vers des pays tiers. Cet article compare systématiquement lespolitiques...