This paper studies a special bi-level programming problem that arises from the dealings of a Natural Gas Shipping Company and the Pipeline Operator, with facilities of the latter used by the former. Because of the business relationships between these two actors, the timing and objectives of...

A stochastic formulation of the natural gas cash-out problem is given in a form of a bilevel multi-stage stochastic programming model with recourse. After reducing the original formulation to a bilevel linear problem, a stochastic scenario tree is defined by its node events, and time series...