This paper studies the impact of the level and volatility of the commodity terms of trade on economic growth, as well … of trade growth enhances real output per capita, volatility exerts a negative impact on economic growth operating mainly … trade volatility offset the positive impact of commodity booms; and export diversification of primary commodity abundant …

This paper presents new empirical evidencesuggesting that the net effect of trade openness on output volatility is … as instrumental variables. The results confirm that exposure to trade raises output volatility through the terms …

, modern economists argue that volatility reduces growth in the poor periphery. This paper assess these de …-industrialization and volatility forces between 1782 and 1913 during the Great Divergence. First, it argues that the new economic order had …-reducing terms of trade volatility was the other. Between 1820 and 1870, terms of trade volatility was much greater in the poor …

-whether financial intermediation is performed through banks or markets-for macroeconomic volatility, against the backdrop of increased … volatility. Expanding the sample to 121 developing countries confirms this result, although this role of shock-absorber fades …

This paper presents estimates of the effects that terms of trade volatility has on real GDP per capita growth. Based on … volatility has significant adverse effects on economic growth in countries with procyclical government spending; in countries … where government spending is countercyclical terms of trade volatility has no significant effect on growth. Conditional on …

, modern economists argue that volatility reduces growth in the poor periphery. This paper assess these de …-industrialization and volatility forces between 1782 and 1913 during the Great Divergence. First, it argues that the new economic order had …-reducing terms of trade volatility was the other. Between 1820 and 1870, terms of trade volatility was much greater in the poor …