One perspective suggests that firms heavily involved in innovation may face increased risks. It is essential to know … the suitable proxies in measuring innovation related to risk taking. Many studies use research-and-development intensity … (RDI) and research-and-development spending (RDS) as proxies for innovation related to risk taking. However, little …

This paper examines the links between internationalisation, innovation and productivity in service enterprises. For … this purpose, we use micro data from the Community Innovation Survey 2008 in Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and … of innovation outputs in all three countries. Our results indicate that innovation in service enterprises is linked to …