modern version of monetary mercantilism-hoarding international reserves in order to improve competitiveness. From a long …-run perspective, manufacturing exporters in East Asia adopted financial mercantilism-subsidizing the cost of capital- during decades … disentangle the monetary mercantilism from a precautionary response to the heritage of past financial mercantilism. Monetary …

countries. Empirical measurement has been demonstrated using 1999 and 2004 trade data from Pakistan. The results show that … Pakistan’s export growth between 1999 and 2004 came mainly from the reduction in both ‘explicit and implicit beyond the border …