This paper advances an argument in support of technologyspecific tailoring of incentives to innovate. With a focus on patent incentives, the argument proceeds from the identification of the factors likely to have a bearing on (a) the differential role and effectiveness of patents in different...

This paper constitutes an attempt at investigating processes of dynamic competition in pharmaceuticals, with reference to the nature and intensity of price competition in relation to patent expiry.We focus on what happens to drug prices and to the diffusion of multi-sourceproducts both before...

External reference pricing (ERP), the practice of benchmarking domestic drug prices to foreign prices, generates an incentive for firms to withhold products from low-income countries. Using a novel moment inequality approach, we estimate a structural model to measure the extent to which ERP...