David H. Webber shines a light on labor's most potent remaining weapon: its multitrillion-dollar pension funds. Outmaneuvered at the bargaining table and in the courts, state houses, and Washington, worker organizations are beginning to exercise muscle through markets. Shareholder activism is a...

The post-Enron era is marked with growing discourse of stakeholders, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Commentators debate whether U.S. corporations have indeed moved towards a stakeholder orientation, given the difficulties in measuring such a shift. We assess this...

Using natural language processing, we identify corporate goals stated in the shareholder letters of the 150 largest companies in the United States from 1955 to 2020. Corporate goals have proliferated, from less than one on average in 1955 to more than 7 in 2020. While in 1955, profit...