Research shows that education has played a crucial role in raising levels of earnings and that returns to education in Mexico have increased, particularly in higher education and in the upper tail of the conditional earnings distribution. The authors examine patterns of public spending on...

Since the mid 1950s, Peru's education policies have been designed to raise skill levels and make education available to more of the population. Those policies rested mainly on expanding the number of schools and as a result, school enrollment rates and attainment levels rose. However, an...

Vietnam has achieved remarkably high rates of school enrollment and has maintained good social indicators (infant and under-five mortality rates, life expectancy, fertility rate, child nutrition, and access to basic services) compared to other countries with similar low income per capita. The...

The transition from a centrally planned to a market economy is likely to have a strong impact on the labor market, on relative earnings, and on returns to education. Major economic reforms in Vietnam since 1986 (the policy known as"Doi Moi") have included a number of measures to liberalize the...

This study compiles statistics for selected Latin American countries and two reference groupsof countries in East Asia and northern and southern Europe. The authors emphasize the need to increase attention to and expenditure on education and health systems in many developing countries,...

Using a multilevel modeling procedure, the authors explore: the percentage of variance in primary school achievement in Zimbabwe that could be attributed to the types of schools and classes attended; the differences between schools in student achievement in mathematics and English; and the reasons...

Although class size has attracted great interest as a policy instrument, inferences on its effects are controversial. Recent work highlights a particular way to consider the endogeneity issues that affect this variable: class size is often correlated with enrollment, which may in turn be related...

This paper examines the efficacy of vocational school education in relation to that of the academic secondary school; the focus is on non-postsecondary school attenders. Given the relatively small fraction of youth that attend, and complete, tertiary education in developing countries,...

The authors examine the impact of ethnic segmentation in education on educational outcomes. Between 1991 and the late 1990s, the Albanian Kosovar population received education services in an informal system parallel to the official one. Using the 2000 Kosovo LSMS Survey data, the authors exploit...

Until comparatively recently, most training in most countries has been enterprise-based and has been financed by the employer, by the trainee, or both jointly, normally without money changing hands. As a first approximation, the cost of firm-specific training is absorbed by the employer, and the...