Employing cointegration techniques, the long-run determinants of Madagascar''s real exchange rate are examined from a stock-flow perspective. The long-run behavior of the real effective exchange rate is explained by the net foreign asset position and factors affecting trade flows. An index of...

This paper assesses the effect of constrained trade finance on trade flows in countries undergoing financial and balance of payments crises. Most of the countries that had a major crisis had a significant trade contraction, while trade-related finance declined sharply. However, trade may also be...

This study assessed the production capabilities of some modern palm oil mills in selected States of Nigeria for production of special palm oil, by collecting information from their staff on the operation of the mills. Government-owned mills (Okitipupa and Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research...